N-acyl derivatives of cyclic imines



United States Pateflfgm 3,404,145 N-ACYL DERIVATIVES F CYCLIC [MINES Evald L. Skau, Robert -M.' Mod, and Frank -C. Magne, v New Orleans, La assignors. to the UnitedStates of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture No Drawing. Application Sept. 4, 1964, Ser. No. 394,636, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 260,923, Feb. 25, 1963. Divided, and this application Apr. 13,1965, Ser. No. 459,495 '1 Claim. (Cl. 260239) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A number of N-acyl derivatives of cyclic amines have been found to be compatible primary plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins. These derivatives are N,N-disubstituted long chain aliphatic amides whose acyl component can be a normal, branched, or substituted alkanoic or alkenoic acyl having from 8 to,22 carbon atoms. The amide nitrogod. is, in all cases, a member of a heterocyclic ring. Included among the compounds of this invention is N- decanoyl-3-aza-bicycl-o [3 2] nonane.

turesof N-acyl derivatives of cyclic imines, and to plastic compositions, the plasticizer'component of which is at least one of the compounds or one of the unique mixtures that are the subject of this invention. More particularly, this invention relates to N,N-disubstituted long chain aliphatic amides the acyl component of which is a normal, branched or substituted alkenoic or alkanoic acyl containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the amide nitrogen in all cases being a member of aheterocyclic ring or in the case of a fused 'ring system one of the heterocyclic rings, all of the other ring members being carbon or nitrogen atoms. i V v This invention, in addition, relates to certain other new amideplasticizers wherein the acyl component is derived from dibasic alkanoi'cacids; epoxidized alkanoic, alkenoic, or alkandioic acids; dimer acids; cycloallranoic, cycloalkenoic, cycloalkandioic, or cycloalkendioic acids which acids contain from 10-18 carbon atoms and in which acids the unsaturation ifpr'esent'may be in the cyclic group, the sidechain, or both, such as the naphthenic, terpene-derived, cyclized linoleic acids, and their epoxy derivatives.

This invention also relates to certain mixtures of the above-mentioned amides which individually or in combination with other mixtures of amides are compatible plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins.

These compounds and the mixtures of these compounds are good," compatible, solvent-type plasticizers for polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride resins. They are efliciennprimary, solvent-type plasticizers which can be made from low-price fatty acids. They impart excellent low-temperature properties, and good stability to northernlight exposure. Most important, they are characterized by their wide spectrum of antifungal and antimicrobial activity and when used alone or in admixtures with other plasticizers, impart these valuable properties to vinyl chloride plastics.

Patented Oct. 1, 1968 The terms vinyl type-resiniand- .vinyl chloride resin are used throughout this specification and claims to refer to polymers and copolymers of monomers containing vinyl chloride. in a predominant proportionby weight. Terms such as -compatible,.- good-compatibility, and compatible plasticizer in reference to the plasticizers which are the subjectiof this invention are used throughout the specificationto refer toplastizers that show no sign of exudation,vmigration to the surface, for at least two weeks when the plasticizers are present in the resin in proportions of about 70 parts by weight of plasticizer to parts by weight of resin.

Not only are the compounds that are the subject of this invention useful as plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins, but they are also applicable as softeners for Buna N rubber.

If a resin is plasticized with a compound with which it has only limited compatibility, the plasticizer soon exudes or migrates to the surface unless the plasticizer is used eitherin a limited amount or is used in conjunction with a mutual solvent (a compatible auxiliary plasticizer) to obtain adequate compatibility.

It is known in the art that compounds similar to those which are the subject of this invention exhibit reasonably good compatibility for hydrophilic type resins but in order to obtain adequate flexibility must be employed together with a secondary or an auxiliary plasticizer as see for example United States Patent No. 2,339,056.

It would be expected from the recognized compatibility of compounds related to the type herein described with polyvinyl acetals (hydrophilic type resins), that these compounds would be quite incompatible with polymers of the vinyl chloride type. We have discovered, however, that not only are the particular compounds and compound mixtures herein described compatible as primary plasticizers with vinyl chloride resins but as we note above they are compatible with the hydrophilic type resins as well.

Not only are the particular compounds and mixtures of compounds herein described compatible vinyl type resin plasticizers, but the instant invention is considerably broader in that it also contemplates the use of the compatible (compatible with.respect to the particular resin involved) binary, ternary, or multiple component mixtures of N-acyl cyclic imines of mixed saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acids such as can be derived from animal, fish, or vegetable fats and oils such as tallows, white greases, menhaden oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Crwmbe wbyssinica seed oil, cuphea seed oil, jojoba oil, parsely seed oil, Limn'ainthes douglauii seed oil, palm oil, Vernonia anthelmintica seed oil, castor oil, foots, or from tall oil acids or rosin acids, and other seed oils.

The N-acyl derivatives of this invention decrease in their degree of compatibility as the alkyl portion of the acyl group (if saturated) increases in chain length beyond 15 carbon atoms and the are incompatible when the chain length is 17 or more carbon atoms. In general, the compatibility of a mixture of N-acyl cyclic imines containing a considerable proportion of these less compatible or incompatible N-acyl cycle imines can be improved by mixing with a compatible plasticizer or by reducing the proportion of the incompatible saturated constituent by such procedures as fractional distillation or fractional crystallization either before or after the amidation step in the preparation of the N-acyl cyclic imine mixture. Similarly, the N-acyl derivatives of this invention decrease in their degree of compatibility as the alkyl portion of the acyl group of the N-acyl derivative (if unsaturated) increases in unsaturation beyond monounsaturation. In general, the compatibility of such a polyunsaturated derivative or of a mixture of N-acyl cyclic imines containing such polyunsaturated acyls can be increased by mixing with a suitable amount of a comp atible plasticizer 6r any"decreasingthepelyiirisiturafieri6f same or all of the polyunsaturated constituents either by physical means, such as fractionation, or by chemical means such as selective hydrogenation, cyanoethylation, halogenation, epoxidation, formylation, malein'ation, dimerization, cyclization; or the like either befoieor after the amid'ation step in the preparation'of 'theN acyl imine or N-(mixed acyl) cyclic imine. The specific component ratio of compatible compositions canbe established according to the scheme set forth in our copending application Ser. No. 166,742, filed Jan. 15, 1962, now US. PatentN-o. 3,219,664. For example, all mixtures of the piperidide of linoleic acid (PL), i.e., N-linoleoylpiperidine, the piperidide of oleic acid (PO), and the piperidide of palmitic acid (PP), in which the weight fraction of'PL is less than 35% are compatible plasticizers, the more important plasticizing characteristics of which can be predicted approximately from those of the individual piperidides and their weight proportions in the given mixture.

Also included among the operable M-acyl cyclic imines are those whose acyls are acyls'such as the acyls of the following types of acids: monobasic and dibasic normal or branched chain alkanoic acids with substituents in the chain such as dichlorostearic acid; monoor dihydroxystearic acids; acyloxyacids such as 12-acetoxyoleic, 12- acetoxystearic, 9,10-diacetoxystearic, acylated ricinoleic, a-oleoyloxypropionic acid, and the like; 12-beta-cyanoethoxyoleic and 12-cyanoethoxystearic acids and the like; ricinoleic acid; phenylstearic acid; phenoxystearic acid; mono-, di-, or tri-epoxy stearic acids; monoor diepoxy oleic acid; epoxydocosanoic acid; dimerized or trimerized linolenic, linoleic, or oleic acid, etc.; cyclic acids such as cyclized linoleic and/or linolenic acids; Diels-Alder adducts of such polyenoic acids as tung oil acids or soybean acids; the Diels-Alder adducts of tung oil acids with di-alkyl maleates, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile, fumaronitrile and the like; tall oil acids; rosin-derived or terpenederived acids such as abietic, l-pimaric, pinonic, and the gamma-lactone of beta-hydroxyisopropyl pimelic acid; as well as the'mono-alkyl esters of dibasic acids such as the monobutyl esters of pinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, brassylic, carboxystearic, phthalic, and terephthalic acids, or of phosphonated fatty acids such as dialkyl phosphonostearic acid, and the like.

Also included among the operable N-acyl cyclic imines are the di-imides of dibasic acids, such as N,N'-sebacoyldipiperidine, in which the dibasic acid moiety may be that of pinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, brassylic, carboxystearic, phthalic and terephthalic acids, or the like.

Also included the are N,N-diacyl cyclic di-imines wherein the acylating groups are the acyl groups of the forementioned acids and wherein the acylating groups may be the same or different acyls; such as N,N-didecanoylpiperazine, N-oleoyl-N'-acetylpiperazine or N-epoxyerucoyl-N-butanoylpiperazine.

Also included are the N-acyl-N'-alkyl or N-acyl-N- carbalkoxy cyclic di-imines wherein the acyl groups are the acyl groups of the forementioned acids and wherein the alkyl or carbalkoxy group contains from 1-11 carbon atoms; such as N-lauroyl-N-methylpiperazine, N-epoxystearoyl N'-methylpiperazine, N-oleoyl-N'-carbethoxypiperazine or N-lauroyl-N-hexanoxycarbonylpiperazine. These are particularly effective as anti-microbial and antifungal agents.

. Terms such as dimer acid, or dimerized acids are used indiscriminately to refer to acids or mixtures of acids consisting essentially of dibasic acids containing from 32 to 44 carbon atoms resulting from the polymerization or dimerization of long chain C to C unsaturated fatty acids. Terms such as trimer acid, or"trimerized acids are used indiscriminately to refer to acids or mixtures of acids consisting essentially of ,tribasic acids containing from 48 to 66 carbon atoms resulting from the polymeri'zation or trimerization of long chain C 6 to C5, unsaturated fatty acids. p n

Also included in this invention are the corresponding N-acyl derivatives of the alkanol and polyalkanol cyclic imines wherein the alkanol group or alkenol groups are acylated by the same acyl group as, or by a different acyl group from, that acylating the imino nitrogen or wherein the alkanol group or alkenol groups-'are-ac'ylated by acyls containing from 2 to 6'c'arbonato'msyor wherein the alkanol group or alkenol groups are etherified with an alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; exemplified by such compounds as N-oleoyl-4-(2 oleoyloxyethyl)piperidine, N-decanoyl-4-(omega decanoyloxyalkyl)piperidine, N-oleoyl-4-(3-butanoyloxypropyl)piperidine, N-butanoyl 4-(3-oleoyloxypropyl)piperidine, N-oleoyl-4-(2- ethoxyethyl)piperidine, and N-epoxystearoyl-4-(Z-butoxyethyl)piperidine and the like.

Also included among the operable N-acyl derivatives of this invention are the acyl derivatives of 3- to 7-membered substituted cyclic imines in which the substituents may include alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, alkoxy, ester, or carbalkoxy groups or the like.

The compounds of the instant invention were tested in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (5) copolymer resin (Vinylite VYDR) and in polyvinyl chloride (Geon 101) in a standard formulation comprising: 63.5% of Vinylite VYDR or Geon 101, 35% plasticizer, 0.5% stearic acid, and 1.0% basic lead carbonate. This formulation for each sample was milled, molded, and tested. In all examples, the sample was rated as incompatible if the molded stock showed any evidence of exudation or migration to the surface during a shelf storage of two weeks.

The compounds that are the subject of this invention are conveniently prepared by reacting the appropriate imine, which in every case is a cyclic imine wherein the nitrogen atom is a member of either the ring or a member of one of the rings if a fused ring compound is involved, with the appropriate acid, acid chloride, or ester. In any event, methods for preparing compounds such as those herein described are well known to those skilled in the art of fatty acid chemistry. The details of individual preparations are listed in the operating examples which follow:

EXAMPLE 1 N-oleoylpiperidine Twenty-two and four tenths grams (0.26 mole) of piperidine were dissolved in 60 milliliters of benzene and 39.7 grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride were added dropwise with stirring. After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Free .acid was removed by percolating the benzene solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amide with a 1:1 ethanolbenzene mixture. The solvent was then removed by.stripping under reduced pressure.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoylpiperidine: O, 78.15% (theory 78.95); H, 12.07% (theory.l2.40); N, 4.04% (theory 4.04).

EXAMPLE 2 N-oleoylhexamethylenimine EXAMPLE 3 N-oleoyl-2-methylpiperidine A mixture of 31.6 grams (0.32 mole) of Z-methylpiperidine, 60 grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid, and 20 milliliters of benzene was refluxed in an apparatus equipped with a Dean-Stark trap until the evolution of water ceased. The reaction-mixture was diluted with;,150 milliliters of "commercial hexane, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric-acid andwater, and dried,over ,anhydrous so; dium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating-the hexane-solution through a column of activated, alumina, and .eluting the-amide'with a 1:1 hexane-ethanol mixture. The solvent was removed by stripping.-under reduced pressure.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-Z-methylpiperidine: C, 78.87% (theory 79.20.); H,' 12.-13% (theory 12.47); N,3.86%=(theory 3. 85). A

.EXAMPLE- 4' N-oleoyl-3-methylpiperidine .;N-oleoyl-3 methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example-31mm 31.6. grams (0.32 mole) of 3- methylpiperidine, and 60 grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid.

Analysis of the product, N;oleoyl-3-methylpiperidine: C, 79.03% (theory 79.20)';H,' 12.30% (theory 12.47); N, 389% (theory 3.85)." .s. 3 J 1 EXAMPLES Y i I Y 4- tI Y1b P fi 1 F,

N-oleoyl 4-ethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example3 from 31.6 grams (0.32 mole) of 4- methylpiperidine and 60 grams; (0.21 mole) of oleic acid.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-4-methylpiperidine: C, 78.80% (theory 79.20);*H," 12.08% (theory 12.47); N, 3.86% (theory 3.85).-.-. I

2,.-.- EXAMPLE 6 Noleoyl};ethylpiperidine' 1N-oleoy1-4-ethylpiperidene .prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from14.4 grams (0.13 mole) of 4- ethylpiperidine and 30 grams (0.11 mole) of oleic acid.

Analysis of the product N-oleoyl-4-ethylpiperidine: C, 79.17% (theory 79.45);H," 12.62% (theory 12.45); N, 3.75% (theory 3.71

" EXAMPLE'7-.--.-

" nonylpiperidine N- ol eoyl X N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of, Example. 3 ..from 27 gr am ,(0.13 mole) of 4- nonylpiperidine and .30 grams; (0.11 mole). of oleic acid.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidine: C, 80.21% (theory 80.70); H, 12.67% (theory 12.80);

N, 2.95% (theory 2.90 .?t: N-e spy r meth s, th i ri i e N-oleoyl-2 methyl-j-ethylpiperidine was prepared from 27 grams (:21 mole)"- of 2-r'nethyl-5 ethylpiperidine and 40- grams (0.14..mo1e)or oleic acid by Example 3, except that toluene was used "as the entraining solvent.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-2-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine: C, 79.51% .(theory,7 9,,6 6); H, 12.40% (theory 12.51); N, 8.79% (thblYBXS). axkivirtla' 9 Piperidine of ated cottonseed oil f "*The piperidine of selectively;hydrogenated cottonseed oil fattyacids' were' prepared by-the procedure of Example 3 from 18.6 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 pyridine.

grams (0.14 mole) of selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids. (The ,.se lec ,tiyelyhydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids had an iodine value of 73.2, a thiocyanogen value of 68.0, and;a;neutralilation',equivalent of'274.) Theproduct, thepiperidides-of selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty ..acids,-, had ..a nitrogen content of 4.08%.

ac'ids.-)'*The product, the piperidide of a nitrogen content of 3.95%.

.. EXAMPLE 11 N-oleoylpyrrolidine EXAMPLE 12 N -oleoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline N-oleoyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline was prepared from 15 grams (0.11 mole) of. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 35 grams (0.11 mole) of oleoyl chloride, and 9.2 grams (0.11 mole) of pyridine by the procedure of Example 1, except that the free unreacted acid was removed by washing with 4% alcoholic KOI-I followed by water washings.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: C, 80.89% (theory 81.48); H, 10.91% (theory 10.81); N, 3.31% (theory 3.52).

EXAMPLE 13 N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine N-o1eoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 1 from 30.1 grams (0.27 mole) of 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, and 40 grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiper idine: C, 79.19% (theory 79.12); H, 12.43% (theory 12.30); N, 3.74% (theory 3.72).

. EXAMPLE 14 N-oleoylcarbazole A mixture of 16.7 grams (0.10 mole) of carbazole, 30 grams (0.10 mole) of oleoyl chloride and 50 milliliters of xylene was refluxed for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating the Xylene solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amidewith a 1:1 ethanol-xylene mixture. The solvent was then removed by stripping under reduced pressure. 1 Analysis of the product, N-oleoylcarbazole: C, 82.98% (theory 83.40); H, 9.50% (theory 9.50); N, 3.24% (theory 3.25). p

EXAMPLE 15 N-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane was prepared by the procedure of Example 12 from 12.5 grams (0.10 mole) of 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, 30 grams (0.10 mole) of oleoyl chloride, and 8 grams (0.10 mole) of Analysis of the product, n-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2] nonane: C, 79.20% (theory 80.09); H, 11.95% (theory 12.06); N, 3.40% (theory 3.60).

EXAMPLE l6 N-palmitoylpiperidine that the free unreacted acid was removed by dissolving the reaction product in carbon tetrachloride, treating with a slight excess of 4% alcoholic KOH, and washing with water.

Analysis of the product, N,N'-sebacoyldipiperidine: C, 71.35% (theory 71.31); H, 10.63% (theory 10.70); N, 8.18% (theory 8.32).

EXAMPLE 18 N-stearoylpiperidine N-stearoylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 27 grams (0.32 mole) of piperidine and 45 grams (0.16 mole) of stearic acid.

Analysis of the product, N-stearoylpiperidine: C, 78.50% (theory 78.49); H, 12.75% (theory 12.90); N, 3.96% (theory 3.98).

EXAMPLE 19 Piperidide of dimer acid (Empol 1014) The piperidide of dimer acid was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.3 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.07 mole) of dimer acid (Empol 1014). The product, the piperidide of dimer acid, had a nitrogen content of 3.98%.

EXAMPLE 20 Mixed piperidides of oleic acid This was a physical mixture consisting of 3.6% by weight of the sample of Example 3, 46.4% by weight of the sample of Example 4, 35.7% by Weight of the sample of Example 5, and 14.3% of the sample of Example 13.

EXAMPLE 21 N-erucoylpiperidine N-erucoylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 11.1 grams (0.13 mole) of piperidine and grams (0.12 mole) of crucic acid.

Analysis of the product, N-erucoylpiperidine: C, 79.84% (theory 79.86); H, 12.61% (theory' 12.67); N, 3.48% (theory 3.41).

EXAMPLE 22 N-decanoy1-4-n-onylpiperidine EXAMPLE 23 N-epoxyste aroylpiperidine.

N-epoxystearoylpiperidine was prepared by epoxidation of N-oleoylpiperidine using perbenzoic acid. The product, N-epoxystearoylpiperidine had an oxirane oxygen content of 4.49%.

EXAMPLE 24 Piperidide of rapeseed oil fatty acids The piperidide of rapeseed oil fattyacids was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.5 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 60 grams (0.20 mole) of rapeseed oil fatty acids. The product, the piperidide'of rapeseed oil fatty acids, had a nitrogen content of 3.56%.

8 EXAMPLE 25 N,N-dioleoyl-dipiperdi-nomethane was prepared 'by' the procedure of Ex'ample '3 from 1821 grams (0.10 mole) of dipiperidinomethane and grams (0.18 mole) of oleic acid 1 Analysis of the product, N,N"-dioleoyl-dipiperidino methane C,--78.52 (theory 79:30); H,'-12.-14%- (theory 12.19);N, 3.94% (th'eory 3L94)! l EXAM-PLE2 6. I

' N-oleoyl-'4(5 nonyl)piperidine N-oleoy1-4(5-nonyl)piperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3*from'41.1 grams (0.19 mole) of 4-(5-nonyl)piperidine and 50 grams (0.18 mole) of oleic acid.

Analysis of the product,N-oleoyl 4(5-nonyl)piperidihe: C, 80.62% (theory 80.70); H, 12.80% (theory 12.80), N, 2.99% (theory 2.90). i

EXAMPLE 27 Mixed piperidides of oleic acid Mixed piperidides of 'oleic acid was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 fromv grams (0.42 mole) of mixed piperidines (commercial by-product mixture of alkyl piperidines) and 100 grams"(0.35 mole) of oleic acid. The product, the mixed piperididsofoleic acid, had a nitrogen content of 3.63%.

EXAMPLE 2s N,N'-dioleoylpiperazine N,N-dioleoylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 9.2. grams. (0.11 mole) of piperazine and grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid.

Analysis of'the product, 1 I,N'-diole'oylpiperazine: C, 77.77% (theory 78.04); H, 12.12% (theory 12.13); N, 4.64% (theory 4.55). v

EXAMPLE 29 N-oleoyl-N'-methylpiperazine N-oleoyl-N-methylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 1 from 23.3; grams (0.23 mole) of N-methylpiperazine and 35.0 grams (0.12 mole) of oleoyl chloride. A

Analysis of the product, N-oleoylN'-rnethylpiperazine: C, 74.46% (theory 75.70); H, 11.63% (theory 12.07); N, 7.43% (theory 7.68).

EXAMPLE 3 0 N,N-didecanoylpiperazine N,N-didecanoylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 17- from 13.8 grams (0.16 mole)iof piperazine and 60.2grams- (0.35 -mole)=of decanoic'acid.

Analysis of the product, N,N'-didecanoylpiperazinea c, 73.15% (theory 73.09);2H,'11'.-68% -,(theory-'11.75).; N, 7.07% (theory 7.09).

' I r p AM E- J Piperidide of v cottonseed oil fatty acids and 60' grams (0.21 moley of linoleicacid.

Analysis of the product, N-linoleoylpiperidine: C, piperidine of. Example 3,. the, mixed piperidides .of oleic 79.00% (theory 79.40); H, 11.77% (theory 11.89); N, acid of;Example-20, and the N-oleoyl2,6dimetl1ylpipe1'i- 3.92% (theory 4.03). dine of,Example:.13, respectively, were subjected to stand- The samples of Examples .110 36, inclusive, were evaluard soil-burial tests using similar samples of VYDR resin ated as plasticizers for VinyliteVYDR'resinand the-sam- 5 plasticizedwith Neoleoylmorpholine as controls; After 29 pics of Examples 1 and 16 wereevaluated as plasticizers days-"localized areas of discoloration indicating microbial for Geon 101 using the aforedescribed formulations. The attack appeared in the control.INone Of'thE'OtheI speciresults are reported inTablel which includes the results mens showed any signals of discoloration after 56 days. for di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DOP) as control. U h After 85 days the samples plasticized with N-oleoylpiperi- The samples of Examples'l, 9 and 27 were evaluated 10 dine, and N-oleoyl-2-rnethylpiperidine were completely as nitrile rubber (Hycar 1042-33 acrylonitrile) softdiscolored, the sample plasticized with the mixed piperieners. The formulation employed was as follows: dides of oleic acid showed only localized discoloration, and

, j the sample plasticized with N:oleoy1-2,6-dimethylpiperi dine showed no signs of discolorationQ Perm/Kit Elli 13 15 Improved light stability and thermal stability can be attainedby inclusion of suitable stabilizers and/or ,antioxidants in the resin-plasticizer formulation.

Nitrile rubber (33% acryloni trile) ggf The soapy water extractability can be reduced by the gt aric aci use of additives such as hydrocarbon extenders.

11!.-- Accelerat EXAMPLE 37 Softener.-.

4 N-decanoyl-2-methylpiperidine I These compositions were'cured for 30 minutes at 310 10.4 grams (0.10 mole) of Z-methyIpiperidine Were dis- F. None showed any signs of exudation in 15 days. The solved in 60 ml. of benzene and 10 grams (0.05 mole) evaluation results are given in TableII which also inof decanoyl chloride were added dropwise with stirring'. cludes the results for the control, dibutylsebacate (DBS). After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture TABLE I Example Tensile 100% Elonga- Brittle Volatility Compat- No. H Plasticizer strength, modulus, tion, point, loss, ibility 1 p.s.i. p.s.i. percent C. v percent 1 N-oleoylpiperidine... 2,670 1,170 390 47 do 2 2, 990 1, 400 330 H 41 2.. N-oleoylhexamethylenimine- 2,650 1,300 350 49 3 N-oleoyl- 2-methylpiperidine 2, 470 1, 240 310 -39 0. 83

N-oleoyl-3-methylpiperldine. 2, 500 1,170 330 43 0. 79 N-oleoyl-4-methylpiperidine- 2, 520 1,240 310 43 0; 65 N-oleoyl-4ethylpiperidine 2, 760 1, 280 390 -'45 0. 47' N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidineJ1. 1 2, 780 1, 700 330 -51 0. 27 N-ole0yl-2-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine 2, 870 1,340 380 37 0. 40 Piperidide of hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids. 2, 660 1, 220 370 -'45 0. 38 Piperidide of animal acids 3 2, 710 1, 180 370 39 0.88 N -ole0ylpyrrolidine 2, 400 990 370 47 N-oleoyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. -39

N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidiue N-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane.

. N-epoxystearoylpiperidine .i Piperidide of rapeseedoil fatt N-oleoyl-4 (5-nonyl) piperidine Mixed piperidides of oleic acid 5 N,N-dioleoylpiperaz ine 1 Noleoyl N'-methylpiperazi N,N-didecanoylpiperazine Piperidide of cottonseed oil fatty acid N-linoleoylpiperidine Piperid ide of mixed acids QQQQQHQHHHQQQ Qoooogoooo...ccooocicoooo ooo v i2 -et h y v, I v 0: Compatible, I'::Ii1"compatib1e." Mixture of 60% and 40% by weight of the samples of 2 Using poly(viny1 chloride) homopolymer instead of Vmyl- Examples 16 and 32, respectively.

i'te VYDR resin. Mixture of 32.5%, 32.5%, and 35.0% by weight of the 2% myristic acid, 26% palmitic acid, 16% stearic acid, samples of Examples 1, 16, and 32, respectively. 48% 'olelc acid, and 8% linoleic acid 8 Mixture of 30%, and by weight of *the samples 4 Mixture of 3.6%, 46.4%, 35.7%, and 14.3% by weight of of Examples 1, 16, 2111632, respectively. samples of Examples 3, 4, 5, and 13, respectively. Mixture of 27.5%, 27.5%, and by weight of the Made from a commercial by-product mixture of alkyl samplesof Examples 1, 16, and 32, respectively. 4 piperidines. I v t i b I I TABLE II 300% Modulus, Tensile strength, Ultimate elongation ;p.s.i.' 'p.s.i. percent Hardness, Brittle Volatility, Swelling, Example Nob, Shore A point 0. percent percent Unaged Aged Unaged Aged 'Unaged Aged I 4 .600 990 1,940 2,140 710 510 50 48 0.52 22.2 560 1,000 1,850 1,950 700 510 52 f 48 0.96 22.5 590 r 51,050 L 1,910 1,930 680 500 53 48 0.94 22.9 960 ,1, 920 2,170, 2,350 580 370 55 -55 5.52 20.9

Samples of Viriylite VYDR resin plasticized with the N- was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric oleoylpiperidine of Example 1, the N-oleoyl-Z-methylacid and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.

N-decanoyl-3-methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37from 11.9 grams (0.12 mole) of 3-methylpiperidine and grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-3-methylpiperidine: C, 75.01% (theory 75.78); H, 11.93% (theory 12.31); N, 5.39% (theory 5.52).

EXAMPLE 39 N-decanoyl-4-methylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 11.9 grams (0.12 mole) of 4-methylpiperidine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-methylpiperidine: C, 75.35% (theory 75.78); H, 12.20% (theory 12.31); N, 5.42% (theory 5.52).

EXAMPLE 40 N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 5.9 grams (0.05 mole) of 4- ethylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine: C, 75.69% (theory 76.29); H, 12.8% (theory 12.44); N, 5.10% (theory 5.24).

EXAMPLE 41 N-decanoyl-Z-propylpiperidine N-decanoyl-2-propylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 6.7 grams (0.05 mole) of 2-propy1piperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-2-propylpiperidine: C, 76.57 percent (theory 76.78); H, 12.50 percent (theory 12.54); N, 4.82 percent (theory 4.98).

EXAMPLE 42 N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 6.7 grams (0.05 mole) of 4-propylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine: C, 76.35 percent (theory 76.78); H, 12.50 percent (theory 12.54); N, 4.82 percent (theory 498).

EXAMPLE 43 N-decanoyl-Z-(5-nonyl)piperidine N-decanoyl-2-(5-nonyl)piperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 11.1 grams (0.05 mole) of 2-(5-nonyl)piperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride.

Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-Z-(S-nonyl)piperidine: C, 78.59 percent (theory 78.78); H, 12.70 percent (theory 12.96); N, 3.75 percent (theory 3.83).

EXAMPLE 44 N-decanoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine V Ndecanoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 frbm 5.94 grams (0.05 mole) of 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, 4.2'gi-arris (0.05 moleyiofpyridine and 10 grams (005 mole) of decanoylchloridefi' Analysis of the product, N-deeanoyl52,G-dimetIiylpipEridinetC," 75.95 percent '(th'eory76l29 H, 12.38:: cl-cent EXAMPLE .45

N-decan'oyl-2-methyl 5 ethylpiperidine N-decanoyI-Z-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine was pr aredib'y the procedure of Example. 37 from l3 .4 grams (0.l0 mole) of 2-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine and 10.grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N.-.decanoyl-Z-methyhiethyl: piperidine: C, 76.49 percent (theory 76.81); H, 12.59 percent (theory 12.55); N, 4.98 percent (theory 4.98).

EXAMPLE'A6 N-decanoyl-2-benzylpiperidine N-decanoyl-Z-benzylpiperidine 'was' prepared by' -the procedure of Example 37 from 9.2'grams' (0.05 [aerator 2-benzylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) ofdecanoyl chloride. H v i Analysis of the product, Ni-decanoylf2 benzylplp'eri dine: C, 80.13 percentKtheory 80. 1 9)'; H, 10.73 ?prcer1t (theory 10.72); N, 4.16'percent (theory 4,2

EXAMPLE 47 N-decanoyl-4-benzylpiperidine--- N-decanoyl-4-benzylpipe'ridine was prepared by" the procedure of Example-'37 from 9.2grams (0.05-mole) -of 4-benzylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) f'pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoylchloridef- {1 Analysis of the product,N-decanoyl-4fbenzylpiperidineg C, 80.37 percent (theory 8019); H, 10.77percerit (theory 10.72); N, 4.20 percent (theory4.2 6). f p

EXAMPLE 7 4s 1 N-decanoyl-3-aza-bicyclo[3:2-21rioi1ane N-decanoyl-3-aza-bicyclo[3 2 2 nonane was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from."6.6 grams-(0.05 mole) of 3-aza-bicyclo[3-2-2]nonane, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05'mo ;).of decanoyl chloride. 1 r s- Analysis of the product,v N-decanoyl.-3-aza-bi cyclo [3-2-2]nonane: C, 72.82 percent (theory 77.32); H, 10.95 percent (theory 11.81); N, 4.89 percent (theory5.02).

E AM LE 49 r N-oleoyl-N'-carbethoxypiperaaine j N-oleoyl-N'-carbethoxypiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 18;4 g rams;.(0.l2 mole) of ethyl N-piperazinocarboxylate, 9.2 grams (0.12 mole) .of pyridine and 35 grams (0.12 mole)" oflol'e'oyl chloride; A y of e. p odu t; *N-o c y c r th x k azine: C, 70.12 percent-(theory 70.99); H, 10.85 percent (theory 10.88); N, 6.40 percent'fiheory 5 6:3 Y EXAMPLE sbTT J N-(a-oleoyloxypropion 1l i d fi grams (1.17 mole) of piperidine and 69.4 grams (0.59 mole) of ethyl lactate was refluxed for 12 hours at a temperature just 'sufiicientto liberate the ethanol formed. After the excess piperidine had been stripped under reduced pressure, the' product N lactjoylpiperidine'was obtained by vacuum distillation, solution-in ether and -percolation through a. column of activated'alumina. The sol;- vent was then removed by stripping underreduced re's ure. 2.7.5 gr m tQll mo f Nia toy pipje'r fdifieai id 13.9 grams (0.18 mole) .of pyridine weredjssolved ml. of benzene. Then 57.9" $4 81, 19 moi "o chloride were added dropwise with stirring. After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over sodium sulfate. Freeacid was removed by percolating the benzene solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amide with a 1:1 ethanol-benzene mixture. The solvent was removed by stripping under reduced pressure. Nitrogen content of the product, N-(u-oleoyloxypropionyl)piperidine, was 3.32% (theory 3.32).

EXAMPLE 51 N-oleoyl-2-ethylethylenimine N-oleoyl-2-ethylethylenimine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 9.5 grams (0.13 mole) of 2-ethylethylenimine, 13.5 grams (0.13 mole) of triethylamine and 40 grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride. Nitrogen content of the product, N-oleoyl-Z-ethylethylenimine, 3.93% (theory 4.17). This novel amide was not compatible as a primary plasticizer.

1 4 EXAMPLE 5 2 The compounds of Examples 37 to 50, inclusive, were tested in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (95-5) copolymer resin (Vinylite VYDR) in a standard formulation comprising: 63.5% of Vinylite VYDR, 35% plasticizer, 0.5% stearic acid, and 1.0% basic lead carbonate. This formulation for each sample was milled, molded, and tested. In these tests, the sample was rated as incompatible if the molded stock showed any evidence of exudation or migration to the surface during a shelf storage of two weeks.

Each of these novel products described in Examples 37 to 50, inclusive, proved to be compatible, primary plasticizers.

We claim:

1. N-decanoyl-3-aza-bicyclo 3 -2 2] nonane.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,334,087 8/1967 Brown et al. 260-239 ALTON D. ROLLINS, Primary Examiner. 

